Breed Biology: Why Some Dogs Get Tear Stains More Than Others (and How to Fix It)

If you’ve ever looked down at your dog or cat and noticed reddish-brown streaks running from the inner corners of their eyes down their cheeks, you’re not alone. Tear staining is one of the most common cosmetic concerns among pet owners and one of the least understood. Many people assume tear stains are simply a grooming issue, but in reality, they’re often the visible result of a complex interaction between biology, anatomy, genetics, and even diet.

Some breeds seem to develop them constantly, while others never do. But why? And, more importantly, how can you treat and prevent them effectively without risking your pet’s eye health?

Let’s explore the fascinating science behind tear stains and how understanding your pet’s breed biology can help you finally say goodbye to them for good.

1. What Exactly Are Tear Stains?

Tear stains are dark, reddish-brown or rusty streaks that appear beneath the eyes of many dogs and cats. They’re caused by a substance called porphyrins, iron-containing molecules produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. These porphyrins are naturally present in saliva, urine, and tears. When tears overflow and come into contact with the fur, oxygen causes the iron in porphyrins to oxidise, leaving behind visible discoloration.

The staining itself isn’t harmful, but it’s often a sign of an underlying cause. From tear duct anatomy and breed-specific traits to eye irritation or blocked drainage.

2. Why Breed Biology Plays a Big Role

Not all dogs or cats are created equal when it comes to tear production and drainage. Some breeds are genetically predisposed to tear staining simply because of the way they’re built. Here’s how:

a) Short Noses and Shallow Eye Sockets (Brachycephalic Breeds)

Breeds like Pugs, Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Persians, and Exotic Shorthair cats have flat faces and shallow eye sockets. This anatomical structure means their eyes protrude more, leading to greater exposure to environmental irritants and more frequent tear overflow. Additionally, their tear ducts can be shorter or kinked, making it harder for tears to drain properly into the nasal cavity.

Result: Tears spill out onto the fur rather than draining internally, and staining becomes a frequent issue.

b) Long Hair Around the Eyes (Coated Breeds)

Dogs such as Maltese, Yorkshire Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, and Poodles and cats like Himalayans or Ragdolls often have long, fine hair around their eyes. This hair wicks tears away from the eye surface, creating a perfect environment for staining and secondary bacterial growth.

Result: Even normal tear production can result in constant staining if hair isn’t trimmed or cleaned regularly.

c) Narrow or Misaligned Tear Ducts (Genetic Predisposition)

In some breeds, the tear ducts (known as the nasolacrimal ducts) are naturally narrower or prone to blockage. In others, the ducts may not align properly with the eye due to skull shape. This is especially common in toy breeds such as Chihuahuas and Pomeranians.

Result: Tears back up and overflow instead of draining a condition known as epiphora which leads to staining.

d) Light-Coloured Coats Show Stains More Clearly

While any dog or cat can develop tear stains, they’re far more noticeable on white or cream-coloured coats. Breeds like the Bichon Frise, Maltese, Samoyed, and white Persian cats often appear to have worse staining simply because it contrasts sharply against their fur.

Result: Stains may look more severe even if tear production is normal.

3. Tear Stains vs. Eye Discharge: Know the Difference

It’s important to distinguish between normal tear staining and abnormal discharge. Tear stains are usually thin, watery, and rusty-coloured due to porphyrins. They’re generally not painful and don’t cause irritation.

However, if the discharge is thick, yellow, green, or foul-smelling, it could indicate:

• Bacterial or fungal infection

• Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eye)

• A foreign object in the eye

• Blocked tear ducts requiring veterinary flushing

In such cases, consult a vet before attempting at-home stain removal.

4. Other Contributing Factors Beyond Breed

Although breed biology is a major cause, several other factors can worsen tear staining:

• Allergies

Environmental allergens like pollen, dust, or cleaning products can irritate the eyes and increase tear production.

• Teething in Puppies

During teething, increased tear flow is common and can temporarily cause staining.

• Poor-Quality Water

Water high in minerals like iron or magnesium can increase porphyrin production, leading to darker stains.

• Diet and Gut Health

A diet rich in additives or low in quality protein can contribute to inflammation and excess tear production.

• Eye Irritation from Hair or Lashes

Ingrown eyelashes (distichiasis) or overgrown facial hair can rub the eyes and cause chronic tearing.

• Infections and Yeast Overgrowth

Moist fur around the eyes is a breeding ground for yeast and bacteria, which can darken stains and create a musty smell.

5. How to Prevent and Reduce Tear Stains Naturally

While you can’t change your pet’s breed anatomy, there’s a lot you can do to manage tear stains and reduce their appearance.

✂️ 1. Keep the Eye Area Clean and Dry

Daily cleaning of the area beneath the eyes is essential. Use a soft, damp cloth or pet-safe wipes to gently remove tear residue. Make sure the area is thoroughly dried — moisture is what leads to oxidation and staining.

🐶 2. Trim Hair Around the Eyes

For long-coated breeds, regular grooming prevents fur from trapping tears and irritating the eye.

🩺 3. Address Medical Issues Early

If you suspect blocked tear ducts, eyelash irritation, or infection, seek veterinary help. Resolving the root cause will significantly reduce staining.

🧼 4. Improve Diet and Water Quality

Feeding a balanced, high-quality diet and offering filtered water can reduce porphyrin production. Some owners notice significant improvement just by switching from tap water to distilled water.

🌿 5. Use a Scientifically Formulated Tear Stain Remover Powder

Even with the best care routine, staining can persist especially in predisposed breeds. This is where a professional-grade tear stain remover powder becomes invaluable.

6. Why Powder Works Better Than Wipes or Solutions

While wipes and liquids can help with surface cleaning, they often don’t address the underlying biological environment that allows staining to occur. A well-formulated powder works on multiple levels:

• Absorbs excess moisture: keeping the fur beneath the eyes dry and less hospitable to yeast and bacteria.

• Creates a pH-balanced barrier: discouraging microbial growth that can darken stains.

• Breaks down porphyrin residues: helping lift existing stains while preventing new ones from forming.

Powders also stay on the fur longer than liquids, offering extended protection and ongoing stain prevention with regular use.

7. Don’t Forget Cats. They Suffer Too

While dogs are more often discussed, cats can also experience tear staining, especially flat-faced breeds like Persians, Exotic Shorthairs, and Himalayans. The same principles apply: genetics, eye shape, tear duct anatomy, and coat colour all contribute. Regular cleaning and powder application are just as effective in felines as they are in dogs.

A Maltese dog and Persian cat side by side, highlighting common tear stain issues seen in both breeds — often caused by anatomy and genetics.

8. Step-by-Step Guide: How to Use Tear Stain Remover Powder Safely

1. Clean the Area: Gently wipe away any tear residue or debris using a damp cloth or pet-safe wipe.

2. Dry Thoroughly: Pat the area dry before applying powder, moisture reduces effectiveness.

3. Apply Powder: Use a soft brush or cotton pad to dust a small amount beneath the eyes, avoiding direct contact with the eyes themselves.

4. Repeat Daily: For existing stains, daily application is recommended. Once staining subsides, 2–3 times per week is usually enough for maintenance.

9. Final Thoughts: It’s Not Just Cosmetic — It’s Care

Tear stains are often dismissed as a purely cosmetic issue, but they’re more than that. Persistent staining can indicate underlying health issues, lead to skin irritation, and create an environment for bacterial or yeast infections. Understanding the biological reasons certain breeds are prone to staining allows you to approach the problem scientifically and effectively.

By combining regular cleaning, grooming, dietary adjustments, and a targeted tear stain remover powder, you can significantly improve your pet’s appearance and comfort.

🧴 Why Pet Owners Trust Cosmo Tear Stain Remover Powder

If you’re ready to tackle tear stains safely and effectively, Cosmo Tear Stain Remover Powder is the next step in your pet care routine. Formulated with carefully selected ingredients, it:

• Absorbs excess moisture to prevent staining at the source

• Gently breaks down porphyrin residues without harsh chemicals

• Creates a balanced environment that discourages bacterial and yeast growth

• Is safe for dogs and cats of all breeds, including those most prone to staining

Cosmo Tear Stain Remover Powder. A gentle, effective solution for dogs and cats, made in the UK and crafted with natural ingredients.

Used regularly, it doesn’t just remove existing stains it prevents new ones from forming. And with fast UK shipping, most customers receive their powder within 48 hours (or 24 hours with next-day delivery).

Final Word

Tear stains might seem inevitable, especially if you own a breed that’s biologically prone to them. But with the right knowledge, care routine, and a scientifically formulated product, they don’t have to be a permanent problem.

Understanding the “why” behind those unsightly streaks is the first step toward a cleaner, healthier, and happier pet and that’s a win for everyone.

Explore Cosmo Tear Stain Remover Powder today at www.canker.co.uk and help your dog or cat look and feel their absolute best.